Questions and Answers About COMIRNATY® (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine for Ages 12 Years and Older
All
Approval and
Authorization Status
Access to Vaccine Supply
Diluent
Dosing and Administration
Booster Information
Storage and Stability
Dry Ice
Thermal Shipping Container
Ensuring Authenticity
Access to Vaccine Supply
The CPT code for COMIRNATY® COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA (16 years of age and older) DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (12 years of age and older) DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap presentation is 91300. The administrative code is 0001A for the first dose, 0002A for the second dose, 0003A for the third dose, and 0004A for the booster dose.
The CPT code for COMIRNATY® COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA (16 years of age and older) DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (12 years of age and older) DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation is 91305. The administrative code is 0051A for the first dose, 0052A for the second dose, 0053A for the third dose, and 0054A for the booster dose.Diluent
The 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE Purple Cap presentation and the 5 through 11 years of age, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Orange Cap presentation require diluent.2,5 For complete dose preparation and administration instructions, please refer to the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (12 years of age and older), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap and the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (5 through 11 years of age), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Orange Cap.
For the 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE Purple Cap presentation dilute only with sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. DO NOT USE bacteriostatic saline.2
The 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation must NOT be diluted.3- Each dose must contain 0.3 mL of vaccine
- If the amount of vaccine remaining in the vial cannot provide a full dose of 0.3 mL, discard the vial and any excess volume
- Do not pool excess vaccine from multiple vials
Please see the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (12 years of age and older), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap and refer to the DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section for instructions on preparation and administration.
The 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation contains 6 doses of 0.3 mL of vaccine. Low dead-volume syringes and/or needles can be used to extract 6 doses from a single vial. If standard syringes and needles are used, there may not be sufficient volume to extract a sixth dose from a single vial. Irrespective of the type of syringe and needle3:
- Each dose must contain 0.3 mL of vaccine
- If the amount of vaccine remaining in the vial cannot provide a full dose of 0.3 mL, discard the vial and any excess volume
- Do not pool excess vaccine from multiple vials
Dosing and Administration
For complete dosage, preparation, and administration instructions, please refer to:
Full Prescribing Information (FDA Approved – 16 years of age and older), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap
Full Prescribing Information (FDA Approved – 16 years of age and older), DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap
Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (12 years of age and older), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap
Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (12 years of age and older), DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap
Yes, a third dose of the vaccine administered at least 28 days following the second dose is authorized for emergency use in individuals 5 years of age and older who have undergone solid organ transplantation, or who are diagnosed with conditions that are considered to have an equivalent level of immunocompromise.2,3,5
Each formulation has specific preparation and storage guidelines.9 Please see the Vaccine Formulation/Presentation Guide to review the differences in vaccine formulation/presentation.
For 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap presentation DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, please see the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (12 years of age and older), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap
According to the vaccine Fact Sheets, there is no information on the co-administration of this vaccine with other vaccines.2,3
Preparation of the dose is dependent on the cap color of the vaccine vial.
For Purple Cap vials, please see the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (12 years of age and older), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section for instructions on how to prepare the vaccine.
A 3 mL syringe should be used for diluent withdrawal and mixing. A 5 mL syringe is also acceptable.10
Use a 1 mL syringe. Low dead-volume syringes and/or needles should be used. If standard syringes and needles are used, there may not be sufficient volume to extract the labeled number of doses from a single vial. If a low dead-volume syringe is not available, a standard 1 mL syringe may be used.10
In individuals 12 years of age or older, the vaccine is administered as a primary series of 2 doses (0.3 mL each) 3 weeks apart.2,3
A third dose of the vaccine (0.3 mL) administered at least 28 days following the first 2 doses of this vaccine is authorized for administration to individuals at least 12 years of age who have undergone solid organ transplantation, or who are diagnosed with conditions that are considered to have an equivalent level of immunocompromise.2,3
For booster information, please see the Booster Dose section of this website.
According to the CDC's Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Approved or Authorized in the United States, in general, the same mRNA vaccine product (ie, the same manufacturer) should be used for all doses in the primary series, including an additional primary dose.11
Booster Information
A single Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine booster dose (0.3 mL) may be administered intramuscularly at least 5 months after completing the primary series to individuals 12 years of age and older.2,3
Storage and Stability
Cartons of the 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap presentation vials arrive in thermal shipping containers with dry ice. Once received, remove the vial cartons immediately from the thermal shipping container and preferably store in an ultra-low-temperature freezer between -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F) until the expiry date printed on the label.2
If not stored between -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F), vials may be stored at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) for up to 2 weeks. Vials must be kept frozen and protected from light until ready to use. Vials stored at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) for up to 2 weeks may be returned 1 time to the recommended storage condition of -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F). Total cumulative time the vials are stored at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) should be tracked and should not exceed 2 weeks.
If an ultra-low-temperature freezer is not available, the thermal shipping container in which the vaccine vials arrive may be used as temporary storage when consistently re-filled to the top of the container with dry ice. Refer to the re-icing guidelines packed in the original thermal shipping container for instructions regarding the use of the thermal shipping container for temporary storage, or download here. The thermal shipping container maintains a temperature range of -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F). Storage of the vials between -96°C to -60°C (-141°F to -76°F) is not considered an excursion from the recommended storage condition.
If cartons or vials of 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap presentation are received at 2°C to 8°C, they should be stored at 2°C to 8°C.11 Check that the carton has been updated to reflect the refrigerated expiry date.
Once vials are thawed they should not be refrozen.

Storage options for 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE,
Purple Cap presentation:


*Cartons and vials of the vaccine with an expiry date through March 2022 printed on the label may remain in use for 3 months beyond the printed date as long as approved storage conditions between -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F) have been maintained.
Updated expiry dates are shown below.2
Printed Expiry Date
September 2021
October 2021
November 2021
December 2021
January 2022
February 2022
March 2022
Updated Expiry Date
December 2021
January 2022
February 2022
March 2022
April 2022
May 2022
June 2022
For vials with expiry dates through March 2022:
- 6 months printed on the vial plus an additional 3 months
- Vials will already reflect the 9-month shelf life
†Refer to the dry ice replenishment guidelines packed in the original thermal shipping container for instructions regarding the use of the thermal shipping container for temporary storage or download here.
Cartons of the 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap presentation vials arrive in thermal shipping containers with dry ice. Once received, remove the vial cartons immediately from the thermal shipping container and preferably store in an ultra-low-temperature freezer between -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F) until the expiry date printed on the label.2
If not stored between -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F), vials may be stored at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) for up to 2 weeks. Vials must be kept frozen and protected from light until ready to use. Vials stored at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) for up to 2 weeks may be returned 1 time to the recommended storage condition of -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F). Total cumulative time the vials are stored at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F) should be tracked and should not exceed 2 weeks.
If an ultra-low-temperature freezer is not available, the thermal shipping container in which the vaccine vials arrive may be used as temporary storage when consistently re-filled to the top of the container with dry ice. Refer to the re-icing guidelines packed in the original thermal shipping container for instructions regarding the use of the thermal shipping container for temporary storage, or download here. The thermal shipping container maintains a temperature range of -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F). Storage of the vials between -96°C to -60°C (-141°F to -76°F) is not considered an excursion from the recommended storage condition.
If cartons or vials of 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap presentation are received at 2°C to 8°C, they should be stored at 2°C to 8°C.11 Check that the carton has been updated to reflect the refrigerated expiry date.
Once vials are thawed they should not be refrozen.

Storage options for 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE,
Purple Cap presentation:


*Cartons and vials of the vaccine with an expiry date through March 2022 printed on the label may remain in use for 3 months beyond the printed date as long as approved storage conditions between -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F) have been maintained.
Updated expiry dates are shown below.2
Printed Expiry Date
September 2021
October 2021
November 2021
December 2021
January 2022
February 2022
March 2022
Updated Expiry Date
December 2021
January 2022
February 2022
March 2022
April 2022
May 2022
June 2022
For vials with expiry dates through March 2022:
- 6 months printed on the vial plus an additional 3 months
- Vials will already reflect the 9-month shelf life
†Refer to the dry ice replenishment guidelines packed in the original thermal shipping container for instructions regarding the use of the thermal shipping container for temporary storage or download here.
The 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation vials may arrive frozen at ultra-cold conditions in thermal shipping containers with dry ice. DO NOT DILUTE formulation vials may be immediately transferred to the refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (35°F to 46°F), thawed and stored for up to 10 weeks. The 10-week refrigerated expiry date should be recorded on the carton at the time of transfer.3
Alternatively, 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation vials received at ultra-cold temperatures may be stored in an ultra-low-temperature freezer at -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F). Once vials are thawed, they should not be refrozen.
If cartons or vials of 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation are received at 2°C to 8°C, they should be stored at 2°C to 8°C. Check that the carton has been updated to reflect the refrigerated expiry date.

Storage options for 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE,
Gray Cap presentation:


Regardless of storage condition, vaccine should not be used after 9 months from the date of manufacture printed on the vial and cartons. Expiry dates based on 9 months from the date of the manufacture are shown below.3
Printed
June 2021
July 2021
August 2021
September 2021
October 2021
November 2021
December 2021
January 2022
February 2022
March 2022
9-Month Expiry Date
The 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation vials may be immediately transferred to the refrigerator [2°C to 8°C (35°F to 46°F)], thawed and stored for up to 10 weeks. The 10-week refrigerated expiry date should be recorded on the carton at the time of transfer. A carton of 10 vials may take up to 6 hours to thaw at this temperature.3
Alternatively, frozen vials may be stored in an ultra-low-temperature freezer at -90°C to -60°C (-130°F to -76°F). Do not store vials at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F). Once vials are thawed they should not be refrozen.
If cartons or vials of 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation are received at 2°C to 8°C, they should be stored at 2°C to 8°C. Check that the carton has been updated to reflect the 10-week refrigerated expiry date.


Regardless of storage condition, cartons and vials of 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation vaccine should not be used after 9 months from the date of manufacture printed on the vial and cartons. Expiry dates based on 9 months from the date of the manufacture are shown below.3
Printed
June 2021
July 2021
August 2021
September 2021
October 2021
November 2021
December 2021
January 2022
February 2022
March 2022
9-Month Expiry Date
The vaccine supply you received was shipped in 1 of 2 types of containers: a Medium (Reusable) Thermal Shipping Container or a Single-Use Thermal Shipping Container.
The type of thermal shipping container you received is labeled on the outside of the box as either “Medium ULT” (or otherwise indicates “Do Not Discard”), or “Single-Use ULT.” Look for this label in order to determine the type of container you have received. Only the Medium ULT may be used as temporary storage of the vaccine for up to 30 days. If you are using the Medium ULT as temporary storage, the container must be opened, inspected, and replenished with dry ice within 24 hours of receipt.11 Refer to the Dry Ice Replenishment Instructions packed in the thermal shipping container (or download here) for instructions regarding the use of the thermal shipping container for temporary storage of your vaccine supply.
With proper dry ice replenishment, the Medium Thermal Shipping Container may be used as temporary storage for up to 30 days from delivery.10 Please see Shipping and Handling Guidelines for the Medium Thermal Shipping Container for more information.
The Single-Use Thermal Shipping container cannot be used as temporary storage.
Ultra-low-temperature freezer vendors* include but are not limited to Thermo Fisher Scientific, Haier Biomedical, and Stirling Ultracold.
During storage, minimize exposure to room light, and avoid exposure to direct sunlight and ultraviolet light. Thawed vials can be handled in room light conditions.2,3
- 25-pack cartons may take up to 2 hours to thaw
- 195-pack cartons may take up to 3 hours to thaw
- 10-pack cartons may take up to 6 hours to thaw
Dry Ice
Only Medium Thermal Shipping Containers can be replenished with dry ice and used for temporary storage.11
The Single-Use Thermal Shipping Container cannot be used as temporary storage.
If you are using the Medium Thermal Shipping Container as temporary storage, the container must be opened, inspected, and replenished with dry ice within 24 hours of receipt. Do not open the vial cartons or remove vials until you are ready for thawing or use. It is recommended that the thermal shipping container not be opened more than 2 times a day and should not be opened for more than 3 minutes at a time. If these guidelines are followed, the thermal shipping container should be replenished with dry ice every 5 days. If the thermal shipping container is opened more frequently, replenishment will need to occur more often.10 Please refer to the Storage & Handling section for instructions for replenishing dry ice.
Fill any low areas in the side compartments of the thermal shipping container with dry ice pellets until completely filled, so that it is equal with but does not exceed the top edges of the box that holds the vial cartons. Reinsert the dry ice pod on top of the box that holds the vial cartons. Then fill the dry ice pod to the top with dry ice (do not overfill).10
Dry ice vendors* include but are not limited to Airgas, Linde, Continental Carbonic Products Inc, and Matheson.10
The Medium Thermal Shipping Container may be used as temporary storage for up to 30 days from delivery. It is recommended that the thermal shipping container not be opened more than 2 times a day, and shouldn’t be opened for more than 3 minutes at a time. If these guidelines are followed, after dry ice replenishment within 24 hours, the thermal shipping container should then be replenished with dry ice every 5 days. If the thermal shipping container is opened more frequently, replenishment will need to occur more often.10
The Single-Use Thermal Shipping Container cannot be used as temporary storage.
Thermal Shipping Container
To return the Medium Thermal Shipping Container and Temperature-Monitoring Device, use the preprinted return shipping label included inside the container and apply over the existing shipping label. Some thermal shipping containers have the preprinted return shipping label already adhered to the flap of the thermal shipping container. After the thermal shipping container is no longer needed to store the vaccine, you should discard the dry ice. To discard, open the thermal shipping container and leave it at room temperature in a well-ventilated area. The dry ice will sublime from a solid to a gas. Take necessary precautions by reviewing the Dry Ice Safety Data Sheet and consulting with your Occupational Health Department.10
Ensure the Dry Ice UN1845 markings and diamond-shaped Class 9 hazard label on the thermal shipping container are covered by placing a blank label over them in preparation for the return, as the container no longer contains dry ice. Blank sticker labels to place over the UN1845 markings can be found on the back page of the Shipping and Handling Guidelines included in the thermal shipping container. A label may also be found on the inside flap of some thermal shipping containers. You can contact the carrier identified on the return label to arrange the return.10
Please refer to the Return Instructions for complete information.
Remove the Temperature-Monitoring Device Return Kit from the flap of the Single-Use Thermal Shipping Container. Then, gently remove the Temperature-Monitoring Device with the probe from the foam lid (or foam compartment on box flap) and payload area.10
For complete instructions on how to return the Temperature-Monitoring Device using the included Temperature-Monitoring Device Return Kit, please refer to the Return Instructions. Do not return the vaccine or vaccine vials.
After removal of the Temperature-Monitoring Device and Temperature-Monitoring Device Return Kit, the Single-Use Thermal Shipping Container should be disposed of at your facility.
When the shipment status light is red, this means that the device is functioning properly but has recorded an out-of-range temperature.10
You will automatically receive a shipment delivery email from Controlant, the temperature-monitoring device company. This email will include a Quality Disposition Report, which will confirm the product disposition and actions required if the status light is red.10
- External Dimensions of the AeroSafe 47L7: 17.5" x 17.5" x 21.5"
- External Dimensions of Softbox Medium ULT: 15.75" x 15.75" x 22.05"
- Dimension of one 10-pack carton: from approximately 3.35" x 1.46" x 1.85" to 3.50" x 1.46" x 1.85"
- Dimension of one 25-pack carton: 3.31" x 3.35" x 1.54"
- Dimension of one 195-pack carton*: 9.09" x 9.09" x 1.65"
- Weight range for the Medium ULT thermal shipping containers: approximately 64 lb to 80 lb (29 kg to 36 kg)
- External Dimensions of the Sonoco Single Use Thermal Shipper: ~17.32" x 16.18" x 18.94"
- External Dimensions of the CCT Single Use Thermal Shipper: ~19.76" x 15.75" x 15.51"
Ensuring Authenticity
- Pfizer is committed to patient safety and ensuring that people have accurate information about the vaccine, including how it is accessed and administered. We are actively monitoring for fraudulent offers of illegitimate vaccines to protect patients from products that might be dangerous and lead to serious and life-threatening harm
- The vaccine is only administered intramuscularly by a healthcare professional1
- The vaccine is not taken orally and is not available in a capsule or tablet form1
- Authentic vaccines, manufactured by Pfizer Inc, will include the Pfizer and BioNTech names on the label and are dispensed in a vial as follows:
- For 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap presentation, two versions of the vial label are in current circulation—with or without a purple border2
- For 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation, the vial label includes a gray border3
- For 5 through 11 years of age, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Orange Cap presentation, the vial label includes an orange border5
- Ensure the safety of the vaccine vials by limiting access to only authorized personnel. The location they are stored in must be secure and locked when not in use. To prevent counterfeits, discard vaccine vials in sharps containers and empty vial cartons as medical waste or deface or safely crush all materials so they cannot be reused. Remember, the vaccines are only available through government-authorized vaccination centers – such as doctor’s offices, authorized pharmacies, outpatient clinics, community vaccination locations, and hospitals. The vaccine can only be administered by licensed healthcare professionals, or other individuals that are approved vaccinators, at government-authorized vaccination sites. Individual doses are not for sale7,11
195-pack cartons:

25-pack cartons:

10-pack cartons:

The 12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap presentation vaccine is contained in
12 years of age and older, DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap presentation vial:
The The 12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation vaccine is contained in
12 years of age and older, DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap presentation vial:
The NDC for COMIRNATY® Suspension for Intramuscular Injection multiple dose vials with purple caps and labels with purple borders, supplied in a carton containing 25 multiple dose vials is
The NDC for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine vials with a purple cap supplied in a carton containing 25 multiple dose vials is
The NDC for COMIRNATY® Suspension for Intramuscular Injection multiple dose vials with gray caps and labels with gray borders, supplied in a carton containing 10 multiple dose vials is
Ensuring the Authenticity of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine and Registered Trademark Name COMIRNATY®
-
Pfizer is committed to patient safety and ensuring that people have accurate information about the vaccine, including how it is accessed and administered. We are actively monitoring for fraudulent offers of illegitimate vaccines to protect patients from products that might be dangerous and lead to serious and life-threatening harm
-
The vaccine is only administered intramuscularly by a healthcare professional2,3
-
The vaccine is not taken orally and is not available in a capsule or tablet form2,3
-
-
Authentic vaccines, manufactured by Pfizer Inc., will include the Pfizer and BioNTech names on the label and are dispensed in a vial as follows:
-
For Ages 12 years and older DILUTE BEFORE USE Purple Cap vials. Two versions of the vial label are in current circulation - with or without a purple border2
-
For Ages 12 years and older DO NOT DILUTE Gray Cap vials, the vial label includes a gray border3
-
For Ages 5 through 11 years DILUTE BEFORE USE Orange Cap vials, the vial label includes an orange border4
-
-
Ensure the safety of the vaccine vials by limiting access to only authorized personnel. The location they are stored in must be secure and locked when not in use. To prevent counterfeits, discard vaccine vials in sharps containers and empty vial cartons as medical waste or deface or safely crush all materials so they cannot be reused. Remember, the vaccines are only available through government-authorized vaccination centers – such as doctor’s offices, authorized pharmacies, outpatient clinics, community vaccination locations, and hospitals. The vaccine can only be administered by licensed healthcare professionals, or other individuals that are approved vaccinators, at government-authorized vaccination sites. Individual doses are not for sale5,6
If you suspect the vaccine you have purchased may be counterfeit, contact us at
To learn more, visit https://www.pfizer.com/counterfeiting/frequently-asked-questions.
- COMIRNATY® (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA). Prescribing Information.
Pfizer and BioNTech; December 16, 2021. - Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. Emergency Use Authorization Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers) (12 years of age and older), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple Cap.
Pfizer and BioNTech; January 31, 2022. - Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. Emergency Use Authorization Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers) (12 years of age and older), DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap.
Pfizer and BioNTech; January 31, 2022. - Understanding the regulatory terminology of potential preventions and treatments for COVID-19. US Food & Drug Administration. Accessed December 10, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/understanding- regulatory-terminology-potential-preventions-and-treatments-covid-19
- Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. Emergency Use Authorization Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers) (5 through 11 years of age), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Orange Cap.
Pfizer and BioNTech; January 03, 2022. - Proprietary name review for biologic products. US Food & Drug Administration. Accessed December 10, 2021. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/labeling-cber-regulatedproducts/proprietary-name-review-biologic- products
- COVID-19 Vaccination Program Interim Playbook for Jurisdiction Operations – September 16, 2020 Version 1.0. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2020.
- Biden administration purchases additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna. US Department of Health & Human Services. Accessed August 16, 2021. https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/02/11/biden- administration-purchases-additional-doses-covid-19-vaccines-from-pfizer-and-moderna.html
- Myths and facts about COVID-19 vaccines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed August 11, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html
- Data on File. Pfizer Inc. New York, NY.
- Interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently approved or authorized in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed March 2, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/ clinical-considerations/covid-19-vaccines-us.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2F vaccines%2Fcovid-19%2Finfo-by-product%2Fclinical-considerations.html%5D.
- McCurry MC. Secure disposal of vaccine vials and packaging recommendations. US Department of Defense; 2020.